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SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


BY  DONALD  FRASER 


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SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 
FOR  THE  PERSUASIVE 
PRESENTATION  OF  CHRIST 


An  address  delivered  before  the  Fifth  International  Convention  of  the 
Student  Volunteer  Movement,  Nashville,  Tennessee,  March  1,  1906 


BY 

DONALD  FRASER 


STUDENT  VOLUNTEER  MOVEMENT 
25  MADISON  AVENUE 
NEW  YORK 


Copyright,  1906 
Student  Volunteet  Movement 
tor  Foreign  Mistion* 


Spiritual  Prerequisites  for  the  Persuasive 
Presentation  of  Christ 


I  wish  I  knew  how  to  impress  upon  you  the  one  thought  that 
is  in  my  mind,  the  one  spiritual  prerequisite  for  the  persuasive  pre¬ 
sentation  of  Jesus  Christ  in  the  foreign  field.  I  remember  the 
words  of  Jesus  Christ,  when  He  said:  “  He  that  sent  me  is  with 
me;  the  Father  hath  not  left  me  alone.’*  In  these  words  one 
sees  the  key  to  Christ’s  consistency  and  truthfulness.  In  the  time 
of  popularity  and  in  the  time  of  unpopularity.  He  recognized  that 
God  was  with  Him ;  and  so  I  want  to  say  that  the  one  spiritual 
prerequisite  is  that  we  men  and  women  who  mean  to  serve  God, 
either  here  or  abroad,  should  live  in  a  constant,  holy  fellowship 
with  God  Himself. 

God  never  sent  a  man  alone  to  do  His  work.  To  shrinking 
Moses  He  said,  “  I  will  be  with  thy  mouth.”  To  Joshua  He  said, 
‘‘As  I  was  with  Moses,  so  I  will  be  with  thee.”  To  sensitive 
Jeremiah  He  says,  “  Be  not  afraid  ...  for  I  am  with  thee.” 
To  Paul,  in  the  midst  of  licentious  Corinth,  He  said,  “  Be  not 
afraid,  but  speak,  for  I  am  with  thee.”  And  when  He  sent  forth 
His  disciples  on  the  world-wide  commission.  He  coupled  with 
His  commission  the  promise  of  His  presence  through  all  the  ages. 
And  when  we  read  in  the  Acts  of  the  signs  and  wonders  and 
miracles  which  those  first  disciples  did,  we  find  the  secret  of  it  all 
in  one  phrase,  “  the  Lord  working  with  them.” 


4 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


We  have  been  hearing  a  good  deal  about  the  prospects  of 
the  evangelization  of  the  world  in  this  generation,  and  certain  arith¬ 
metical  calculations  have  been  offered  to  us.  I  feel  most  suspicious 
of  all  those  calculations,  for  it  is  not  by  a  multitude  of  men  that  the 
world  is  going  to  be  won  for  Christ.  As  well  think  that  by  the  send¬ 
ing  forth  of  1 00,000  phonographs  into  the  foreign  field  the  world 
will  be  brought  to  Christ.  What  we  want  is  only  one  type  of  men 
and  women — men  of  wisdom,  who  have  learned  to  keep  company 
with  God  and  are  going  forth  as  His  servants,  in  His  fellowship. 
This  is  the  only  type  of  man  who  is  going  to  help  much  in  the 
evangelization  of  the  world  in  this  generation.  The  supreme 
lesson  of  the  lives  of  such  men  as  Brainerd,  of  Moody,  of  Hudson 
Taylor,  and  others,  is  just  the  unmeasured  possibilities  for  evangeli¬ 
zation  that  lie  in  a  single  life  wholly  yielded  to  God.  I  know  that 
we  have  come  in  these  days  to  a  time  of  great  self-sufficiency,  and 
we  think  that  our  organization  is  now  so  perfected  that  we  can  by 
means  of  executive  ability  and  high  training  become  efficient  mes¬ 
sengers  of  God.  But  I  am  quite  sure  of  this :  that  when  a  man  is 
projected  out  into  the  foreign  field,  and  lives  alone,  the  supreme 
test  of  his  usefulness  in  the  years  that  come  will  be  whether  he  has 
learned  that  he  is  identified  with  God,  that  his  work  is  God’s  work, 
and  God  works  with  him.  Remember  Luther’s  bold  word  in  the 
day  of  crisis,  “  Lord,  Thou  art  imperiled  with  us.”  It  is  the  abso¬ 
lute  certainty  that  God  has  sent  us  and  has  not  left  us  alone,  that 
will  keep  us  hopeful  and  optimistic  in  the  day  when  riot  and  insur¬ 
rection  threaten  to  swamp  the  Church  of  God,  or  when  back¬ 
sliding  and  sin  mar  and  spoil  that  Church  which  He  is  calling  out 
to  Himself. 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


5 


I  think  of  an  incident  that  happened,  a  word  that  was  spoken 
in  1905  during  our  Church  crisis  in  Scotland,  when  the  House 
of  Lords  made  a  certain  decision  which  suddenly  deprived  our 
Church  of  all  its  property,  and  seemed  to  blot  out  a  bright  future 
of  usefulness  in  the  world.  When  the  decision  had  been  given 
and  Dr.  Rainy,  the  spiritual  father  and  great  ecclesiastic  in  Scotland, 
was  leaving  the  House  of  Lords,  along  with  the  leading  counsel,  the 
leading  counsel  came  up  to  him  in  a  moment  of  supreme  depression, 
and  he  said,  “If  at  the  first  hearing  Lord  Shand” — one  of  the 
judges — “  had  not  died,  that  decision  would  have  been  reversed, 
would  have  gone  in  our  favor.”  Dr.  Rainy’s  only  reply  was, 
“  His  death  seems  like  a  Providence.”  That  was  the  answer  of 
a  man  who  believed  that  his  cause  was  identified  with  the  cause 
of  God,  that  he  was  working  with  God,  and  that  though  God  may 
defeat  our  methods,  God  still  must  triumph. 

Let  me  press  this  truth  on  you  for  two  or  three  reasons. 
First  of  all,  this  continual  fellowship  is  necessary,  if  a  man  is  going 
to  fulfil  the  special  service  of  the  missionary.  There  is  only  one 
aim  before  us  missionaries ;  it  is  the  presentation  of  Jesus  Christ  to 
the  world.  I  do  not  for  a  moment  fancy  that  such  an  aim  in  any 
way  limits  the  methods  which  we  may  use.  Everything  which 
elevates  the  social  conscience,  which  purifies  administration,  which 
sanctifies  law& — every  method  of  that  sort  may  become  an  avenue 
to  lead  to  Jesus  Christ.  But  this  I  say,  that  these  things  by  them¬ 
selves  are  useless ;  that  unless  those  avenues  lead  directly  to  the 
living  Christ,  we  are  only  doing  a  temporary  work  which  will  not 
last  through  the  ages.  I  say,  too,  that  if  we  who  lead  along  those 
avenues  are  not  to  end  in  a  maze,  we  must  step  side  by  side  with 


6 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


Jesus  Christ,  that  the  people  may  at  last  reach  to  Him.  Let  me 
press  it.  The  supreme  end  of  the  missionary  cannot  be  attained 
by  anything  else  than  by  spiritual  methods,  by  spiritual  ambitions, 
the  elevation  of  the  human  race  until  it  returns  to  God  and  the  face 
of  God  is  again  formed  in  man. 

I  know  that  missionaries  are  busy  men.  I  fancy  there  are  few 
lives  lived  in  this  earth  so  continually  and  sustainedly  strenuous,  but 
haste,  activity,  will  not  attain  our  ends,  for  these  ends  are  far  more 
spiritual ;  they  will  not  attain  to  Christ.  There  is  so  much  to  do 
in  the  foreign  field  and  so  little  time  in  which  to  do  it,  that  a  man 
is  apt  to  be  carried  away  in  a  torrential  rush,  that  he  is  apt  to  forget 
the  first  things  and  the  first  power.  Artisan  missionaries  work  like 
galley-slaves;  the  doctor  moves  among  crowds  of  patients;  the 
clergyman  is  busy  from  morning  to  night  in  administrative,  or  in 
pastoral  and  evangelistic  work,  and  at  the  end  of  the  day  the 
impression  is,  “  How  busy  we  are !  ”  when  it  ought  to  have  been, 
“  How  near  God  is  !  ” 

We  know  that  in  this  world  there  are  many  things  that  can 
be  attained  by  activity,  by  haste.  The  engineer  may  overcome 
many  a  natural  difficulty  by  sheer  genius  and  by  work.  The 
financier  may  overstep  many  a  hindrance  by  methods  good  or  evil 
and  add  to  his  capital  by  continuous  work.  But  Jesus  Christ  cannot 
be  presented  to  the  world  except  by  spiritual  methods  and  by  living 
in  the  fellowship  and  company  of  Christ.  Therefore,  one  of  the 
first  lessons  a  man  must  learn  in  the  foreign  field  is  that  he  must 
have  the  grace  to  limit  himself,  to  limit  his  activities,  to  refuse  to 
run  on  sidings,  and  to  take  time  to  cultivate  the  friendship  of  Christ. 
One  hour  s  work  from  a  man  who  lives  with  God  is  worth  ten 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


7 


hours  work  from  a  man  who  lives  alone.  It  may  mean  a  less  quan¬ 
tity  of  work,  but  it  must  mean  an  immense  addition  to  the  energy 
of  the  service  we  are  rendering.  My  brothers,  if  we  neglect  thh 
we  shall  teach  false  lessons  to  the  heathen.  We  shall  be  teaching 

3?  r  r  r  i usht,  tou  be  teaching  peace-  when  we 

ght  to  be  teaching  forbearance,  passion  when  we  ought  to  be 
teaching  love ;  and  our  whole  life  will  be  a  travesty  of  the  life  of 
Jesus  Christ.  No;  when  one  looks  at  the  world  and  the  forces 
we  have  got  to  meet,  one  cannot  help  being  certain  of  this,  that 
there  ,s  no  other  power  in  the  world  which  can  overcome  but  the 
power  of  the  presence  of  God  with  us;  for  we  fight  not  against 

all  rVer?f  thlS,WOrd’ but  against  the  rulers  of  darkness,  against 
all  the  constant  evil  passions  of  man,  and  there  is  nothing  else  that 
will  overcome.  s 

When  Hudson  Taylor  embarked  on  his  great  enterprise  for  the 
evangelization  o  inland  China,  God  seemed  to  say  to  him  “I  am 
going  to  evangelize  inland  China,  and  I  will  do  it  through  you  if  you 
walk  with  me  I  remember  Dr.  Laws,  our  father  in  Central  Af- 
ca  telling  me  that  in  the  days  of  their  quixotic  enterprise,  when  they 
pushed  up  into  the  interior  with  the  Gospel  and  men  thought  they  had 
g  e  on  a  mission  of  death  and  failure,  that  there  were  only  two 
words  m  his  mind  through  the  whole  of  his  canoe  journeys,  “  God 
ives,  and  my  father  is  praying.”  He  recognized  that  the  triumph 
hat  was  corauig  was  not  coming  to  him  through  the  wisdom  of 
their  arrangements,  but  because  God  was  joined  in  a  holy  partner¬ 
ship  with  them  for  the  evangelization  of  inner  Africa. 

w,  ■  Se?  *bat  it,is.true'  as°ne  reads  the  story  of  the  missionaries 
who  lived  through  days  of  failure,  as  well  as  in  the  story  of  those 


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SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


who  lived  in  the  days  of  triumph,  that  the  only  thing  that  kept 
them  true  to  Christ  who  commissioned  them  was  the  fact  that  God 
lived  with  them  and  God  worked  with  them.  Has  it  not  been 
impressed  on  the  world  during  these  last  few  months  that  there  is 
no  true  triumph  of  God  wrought  except  where  God  is  the  pre¬ 
dominant  partner  and  the  only  one  visible  ?  Is  not  this  the  whole 
story  of  the  Welsh  revival,  how  the  leader  was  often  invisible, 
often  refused  to  speak,  often  refused  to  appear  at  the  meetings,  and 
the  work  went  on  spontaneously,  for  there  was  no  other  arm  visible  but 
the  arm  of  God.  Read  the  story  of  David  Brainerd  here  in  America 
among  the  North  American  Indians,  and  you  will  see  in  his  reports  to 
his  commissioners  a  paragraph  that  runs  something  like  this  :  I  never 
saw  the  work  of  God  appear  so  independent  of  means.  I  seemed 
to  stand  still  and  do  nothing  ;  God  seemed  to  work  alone.”  My 
brothers,  if  we  are  going  to  impress  Jesus  Christ  on  the  world,  we 
must  learn  this  lesson  of  being  willing  to  be  forgotten,  of  being 
willing  to  be  despised,  if  only  Jesus  Christ  is  made  visible  and 
allowed  room  to  work. 

I  pass  on  to  another  point.  This  recognized  friendship  of 
Jesus  Christ  is  very  necessary,  if  a  man  is  going  to  retain  spiritual 
sensitiveness  and  so  persuasively  present  Jesus  Christ  to  the  world. 
Let  us  not  deceive  ourselves.  The  foreign  mission  field  is  no  hot¬ 
bed  for  saints.  Rather  it  is  a  place  of  dreadful  spiritual  tragedy. 
There  men  live  away  from  all  the  holy  influences  of  Christian 
society;  they  live  among  others  where  the  social  conscience  is 
pitched  on  a  lower  key  than  anything  we  know  of  here  at  home. 
They^hear  things  daily  that  they  ought  not  to  hear,  see  things  they 
ought  not  to  see,  and  the  tendency  is  always  for  what  is  fine  in  us 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


9 


to  grow  coarse,  to  sympathize  with  clay.  I  am  sure  of  this,  that 
there  is  no  other  deliverance  for  us,  no  other  means  of  retaining 
holy,  spiritual  sensitiveness,  responsiveness  to  God,  than  that  we 
should  live  with  Him.  Let  a  man  once  lose  spiritual  visions,  cease 
to  hear  the  holy  sound  of  God  speaking,  and  his  efficiency  is 
weakened,  if  not  entirely  destroyed.  Think  of  Henry  Martyn,  a 
man  who  was  eminently  efficient  in  the  presentation  of  Jesus 
Christ.  He  made  as  the  motto  of  his  life  :  “  I  am  born  for  God 
only.  I  wish  to  have  my  whole  being  swallowed  up  in  the  will  of 
God.”  The  result  of  this  continual  spirit  of  devotion  of  Martyn 
was  that,  although  living  among  all  the  degradation  of  Moham¬ 
medanism  and  of  heathendom,  he  never  lost  his  sensitiveness,  his 
horror  of  sin,  and  his  intense  appreciation  of  Jesus  Christ.  One 
time,  when  a  Mohammedan  was  speaking  derisively  of  Christ  to 
him,  he  said  to  this  Mohammedan :  “  I  could  not  endure  existence 
if  Christ  were  not  glorified.  It  would  be  hell  to  me,  if  He  were 
always  to  be  thus  dishonored.”  And  when  the  Mohammedan,  in 
surprise,  asked  him  how  this  could  be — why  he  should  feel  so — 
he  said  :  “  If  you  pluck  out  my  eyes,  I  cannot  tell  you  why  I  feel 
pain ;  it  is  just  feeling ;  and  it  is  because  I  am  one  with  Christ  that 
I  am  thus  so  dreadfully  wounded.”  It  is  a  fact  that  the  man  who 
is  going  to  present  the  true  Christ  to  others  must  have  something 
of  this  painful  fellowship  with  Christ,  bearing  daily  something  of 
the  stigmata  of  Christ,  wounded  with  the  sins  of  the  world,  never 
losing  a  sense  of  the  eternal  horror  of  sin  and  the  continual  attrac¬ 
tion  of  Jesus  Christ. 

I  do  not  believe  that  there  is  any  other  type  of  man  who  can 
truly  reflect  Christ  to  the  world.  You  go  into  the  foreign  field  as 


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SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


Christ’s  emissaries.  Men  look  on  you  that  they  may  discern  the 
face  of  God,  and  it  is  that  type  of  life  that  you  are  going  to  live 
daily  which  will  interpret  God  to  the  people  you  are  living  among. 
I  wonder  what  kind  of  lesson  we  are  going  to  teach  to  the  world 
that  we  are  going  to  live  in.  What  kind  of  reflection  of  Jesus 
Christ  me  we  going  to  give  ?  I  see  in  one  of  the  wise  instructions 
of  the  Church  Missionary  Society  to  its  missionaries  a  paragraph 
that  reads  like  this :  “  The  conscientious  industry  of  Christian  mis¬ 
sionaries  is  not  denied,  but  assertions  are  made  in  various  quarters 
that  the  high  spiritual  tone,  the  strong  devotion  which  makes  self- 
sacrifice  easy,  and  which  manifests  to  all  around  that  the  missionary 
is  absorbed  by  love  to  his  Lord  and  to  his  work  for  the  Lord’s 
sake — that  these  are  not  always  so  evident  as  might  have  been 
looked  for.”  I  think  it  so  true  of  most  of  us.  We  are  strenuous, 
yes ;  we  are  busied  night  and  day.  Strenuous  in  what  ?  Is  it  in 
the  multitude  of  our  organizations,  or  in  our  passion  to  be  absorbed 
in  God  ?  We  have  left  our  mark  on  the  land.  What  mark? 
The  mark,  perhaps,  of  industry,  of  a  multitude  of  schools,  of  per¬ 
petual  itineration ;  or  is  it  the  mark  of  the  intensity  of  the  glory  of 
God  that  is  shining  through  us  ?  Here,  surely,  is  our  first  work — 
first  in  point  of  importance,  of  pre-eminence — that  God  shall  be 
sought  day  by  day,  His  company  cultivated  until  there  is  one 
atmosphere  going  forth,  surrounding  us,  and  that  is  the  atmosphere 
which  tells  of  God. 

And  last,  the  company  of  God  is  necessary  if  we  are  going 
to  have  that  character  which  most  efficiently  commends  Jesus 
Christ  to  the  world.  Holiness  is  not  found  anywhere  else. 
Activity  does  not  produce  it ;  it  comes  straight  from  the  life  of  God. 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


II 


If  I  am  going  to  be  Holy,  I  must  let  God  come  to  me,  I  must  de¬ 
pend  on  God,  on  His  company,  and  on  nothing  else.  You  little 
know  how  much  your  character  is  built  up  by  the  society  in  which 
you  live.  You  do  things  because  your  society  approves  of  it ;  you 
refrain  from  other  things  because  these  things  are  disapproved  ;  but 
when  you  go  out  into  the  foreign  field,  false  props  are  removed; 
you  are  alone,  alone  amidst  daily  temptations,  with  no  one  to  depend 
on  but  your  companion,  God.  Then  your  true  character  appears. 
The  platform  lights  are  turned  down  ;  you  stand  in  the  clear  search¬ 
ing  daylight.  P ast  reputation  is  nothing ;  public  appearances  are 
nothing ;  the  man  you  are  will  be  known  by  your  colleagues,  by 
the  natives  around  you.  If  passion,  or  greed,  or  selfishness  stain 
your  character,  you  will  immensely  limit  your  usefulness  and  power 
of  presenting  Christ.  There  is  no  finer  offering  that  we  can  give  to 
the  world  than  that  we  should  give  character  stamped  with  the 
image  of  God,  that  we  should  be  as  men  in  whom  God  lives,  and 
in  whom  God  is  forming  Himself.  “  Holiness  is  a  flower  not  of  this 
world’s  growth,  and  when  men  see  it  they  recognize  that  another 
world  has  made  it ;  and  if,  day  by  day,  you  try  to  live  so  disciplined, 
so  much  in  the  communion  of  God  Himself,  there  mu£t  come  to  you 
something  of  the  image  of  Jesus  Christ,  which  will  be  your  best 
and  daily  testimony  to  the  power  of  Christ  in  the  world. 

In  Scotland  we  have  the  memory  of  M’Cheyne,  whose  life 
has  been  the  inspiration  of  thousands.  Dr.  Andrew  Bonar’s  wife 
was  led  to  Christ  through  him,  and  she  always  said ;  “  It  was  not 

his  matter  nor  his  manner  that  struck  me ;  it  was  just  the  living  epistle 
of  Christ,  a  picture  so  lovely  that  I  would  have  given  the  whole 
world  to  be  such  as  he  is.”  A  minister  in  the  north  met  M’Cheyne 


12 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


and  was  in  his  company  for  a  little  while,  and  he  said  he  never  met 
a  more  Jesus-like  man  in  the  world,  and  he  went  into  his  room  to 
weep  and  to  give  himself  to  God.  God  help  us,  is  there  anything 
of  this  atmosphere  in  our  lives,  that  the  men  and  women  who  live 
with  us  daily  in  college,  that  the  heathen  around  about  us  in  the 
foreign  field,  are  compelled  to  recognize  that  Jesus  Christ  is  in  us, 
to  see  the  very  image  of  God  reflected  in  our  daily  conduct  and 
work.  The  artisan,  or  teacher,  or  doctor,  or  minister,  who  so  lives 
that  God  lives  through  him,  will  be  the  man  who  will  best  commend 
Christ,  whose  service  will  be  constant,  moment  by  moment,  day  by 
day.  We  speak  much  of  power  for  service.  There  is  a  greater 
gift,  power  to  be  holy  and  to  be  Christlike.  He  surely  is  least  in  the 
Kingdom  of  God  who,  while  he  may  win  multitudes  of  souls,  for¬ 
gets  to  discipline  his  own  character,  to  get  it  sweetened  in  the 
atmosphere  of  Jesus  Christ.  He  surely  is  the  most  efficient  and 
Godlike  servant  who,  day  by  day,  seeks  to  live  beside  God  until 
God  is  formed  in  him. 

Let  me  press  it  on  you.  My  brothers,  seek  the  company  of 
God,  not  for  efficiency  in  your  service,  but  for  His  own  sake.  Do 
not  let  your  individual  need  be  buried  in  your  profession.  Y ou 
need  God  and  Christ  for  your  own  sake  first,  before  you  need  Him 
for  efficiency  in  your  profession.  Seek  Him  for  what  He  is,  and 
seek  Him  for  what  you  are  and  what  you  need,  and  then  you  will 
have  efficiency.  Goodwin,  one  of  our  old  theologians,  says:  “  I  have 
known  men  who  sought  God  for  nothing  else  than  just  to  seek  Him, 
to  come  to  Him,  they  so  loved  Him  ;  they  scorned  to  soil  Him 
or  themselves  by  any  other  errand,  but  just  came  to  Him  that  they 
might  be  alone  in  His  presence.”  Of  such  surely  was  Thomas 


SPIRITUAL  PREREQUISITES 


13 


Bradwardine,  an  old  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  prayed 
thus :  “  Thyself,  my  God,  I  love ;  Thyself  for  Thyself  above  all 

things,  for  Thyself  I  love.  Thyself  I  desire  as  a  final  end.  Thy¬ 
self  for  Thyself,  not  for  aught  else,  I  always  and  in  all  things  seek 
with  my  heart  and  whole  strength,  with  groaning  and  weeping, 
with  continual  labor  and  grieving.  If  Thou  dost  not  bestow  on  me 
Thyself,  Thou  bestowest  on  me  nothing.  If  I  find  not  Thyself,  I 
find  nothing.”  Let  us  seek  this  passionate  devotion  to  Christ 
Himself  for  His  own  sake.  It  is  the  man  who,  like  Zinzendorf, 
cries,  “  I  have  one  passion,  and  that  is  He,  He  only it  is  that 
type  of  man  who  will  daily  present  Christ.  On  the  drugs  that  he 
prepares  in  his  dispensary,  in  his  class-room — on  all  his  work,  there 
will  be  one  stamp,  “  Holiness  unto  the  Lord and  the  one  testi¬ 
mony  of  his  life,  moment  by  moment,  and  day  by  day,  will  be 
Jesus  Christ  and  the  supreme,  ineffable  excellence  of  Christ,  whom 
he  is  presenting  to  the  world. 


Copies  of  this  pamphlet  may  be  ordered  from  the  Student 
Volunteer  Movement,  25  Madison  Avenue,  New  York, 
at  5c.  each,  40c.  per  dozen,  $2.50  per  hundred,  express 
charges  prepaid. 

Other  addresses  delivered  at  the  Fifth  International  con¬ 
vention  of  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement  may  be  found 
in  the  Report  which  was  published  under  the  title,  “Stu¬ 
dents  and  the  Modern  Missionary  Crusade.” 


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